Laminar flow characterizes the steady, orderly movement of a liquid in layers. Unlike turbulent flow, where elements move chaotically, laminar flow displays predictable patterns. That occurs when a fluid's speed is relatively low and the viscosity is high. In such a scenario, each strata of liquid flows smoothly past its adjacent layer without sign

GPS spoofing is becoming a growing threat to security and safety worldwide. Attackers can manipulate GPS signals to deceive devices into believing they are in a different location, with potentially disastrous consequences. This technology can be used for nefarious purposes such as fraud, abduction, and even military operations. The increasing relia